The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.